What is Cholesterol?Cholesterol is a sterol (a combination steroid and alcohol). Cholesterol is a lipid found in the cell membranes of all tissues, and it is transported in the blood plasma of all animals. Because cholesterol is synthesized by all eukaryotes, trace amounts of cholesterol are also found in membranes of plants and fungi.The name originates from the Greek chole- (bile) and stereos (solid), and the chemical suffix -ol for an alcohol, as researchers first identified cholesterol in solid form in gallstones by Francois Poulletier de la Salle in 1769. However, it is only in 1815 that chemist Eugene Chevreul named the compound "cholesterine".[2]Most of the cholesterol is synthesized by the body and some has dietary origin. Cholesterol is more abundant in tissues which either synthesize more or have more abundant densely-packed membranes, for example, the liver, spinal cord and brain. It plays a central role in many biochemical processes, such as the composition of cell membranes and the synthesis of steroid hormones. Cholesterol is insoluble in blood, but is transported in the circulatory system bound to one of the varieties of lipoprotein, spherical particles which have an exterior composed mainly of water-soluble proteins. The main types, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) carry cholesterol from and to the liver.According to the lipid hypothesis, abnormally high cholesterol levels (hypercholesterolemia) and abnormal proportions of LDL and HDL are associated with cardiovascular disease by promoting atheroma development in arteries (atherosclerosis). This disease process leads to myocardial infarction (heart attack), stroke and peripheral vascular disease. As high LDL contributes to this process, it is termed "bad cholesterol", while high levels of HDL ("good cholesterol") offer a degree of protection. The balance can be redressed with exercise, a healthy diet, and sometimes medication. |
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Intracoronary veratrine attenuates carotid baroreceptor reflex Intracoronary veratrine attenuates carotid baroreceptor reflex regulation of blood pressure in conscious dogs. A L Denison, R B Stephenson, S S Hull, Jr, Patient Information: Vaso-Vagal Syncope The nerves which control the heart rate and blood pressure are regulated through pressure sensors in the arteries and veins called the baroreceptors. What Causes High Blood Pressure? Large blood vessels contain pressure detectors called baroreceptors, which signal the brain when blood pressure gets too high or too low. Sodium sensitivity of baroreceptors mediates reflex changes of We therefore investigated the reflex effects upon arterial blood pressure and urine flow elicited by lowering the Nao + of carotid sinus baroreceptors. Arterial baroreceptors If arterial blood pressure suddenly falls, decreased stretch of the arterial walls lead to a decrease in receptor firing. The carotid sinus baroreceptors Control of Arterial Blood Pressure The autonomic nervous system is the most rapidly responding regulator of blood pressure and receives continuous information from the baroreceptors (pressure Re: Baroreceptors and the long-term control of blood pressure (ii) total baroreceptor denervation has little effect on average systemic arterial pressure, although the variability of blood pressure is much increased. Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension) Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and There are sensors that sense blood pressure in the walls of the arteries and the heart. These sensors are called baroreceptors. Baroreceptors sense blood Blood pressure in more detail Conversely, a drop in blood pressure causes a decrease in the number of signals received at the baroreceptors, allowing signals being released from the Baroreceptor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Baroreceptors act to maintain mean arterial blood pressure to allow The low pressure baroreceptors are involved with the regulation of blood volume. Baroreflex - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In cardiovascular physiology, the baroreflex or baroreceptor reflex is one of the body's homeostatic mechanisms for maintaining blood pressure. |
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